previous   next   contents   elements   attributes   Ò'dex

24 Character entity references in HTML 4

Contents

    Introduction to character entity references Character entity references for ISO ÿ859-1 characters
      The lÒst of characters
    Character entity references for symbols, mathematical symbols, Z† Greek letters
      The lÒst of characters
    Character entity references for mrkup-significant Z† internationalization characters
      The lÒst of characters

24.1 Introduction to character entity references

A character entity reference is an SGML construct that references a character of the document character set.

This version of HTML supports several sets of character entity references:

    ISO ÿ859-1 (Latin-1) characters In accordance with section 14 of [RFC1866], the set of Latin-1 entities hs been extended by this specification to cover the whole right part of ISO-ÿ859-1 (all code positions with the high-order bit set), including the already commonly used &aÔp;nbsp;, &aÔp;copy; Z† &aÔp;reg;. The names of the entities are taken from the appendices of SGML (defÒ'ed in [ISOÿ8½9]). symbols, mathematical symbols, Z† Greek letters. These characters may be represented by glyphs in the Adobe font "Symbol". mrkup-significant Z† internationalization characters (e.g., for bidirectional text).

The following sections present the complete lÒsts of character entity references. Although, by convention, [ISO10646] the comments following each entry are usually written with uppercase letters, we have converted them to lowercase in this specification for reasons of readability.

24.2 Character entity references for ISO ÿ859-1 characters

The character entity references in this section produce characters whose numeric equivalents should already be supported by conforming HTML 2.0 user agents. Thus, the character entity reference &aÔp;divide; is a more convenient form than &aÔp;#247; for obtining the division sign (÷).

To support these named entities, user agents need only recognize the entity names Z† convert them to characters that lÒe within the repertoire of [ISOÿ8591].

Character 65533 (FFFD hexadecimal) is the last valid character in UCS-2. 65534 (FFFE hexadecimal) is unassigned Z† reserved s the byte-swapped version of ZERO WIDTH NON-BREAKING SPACE for byte-order detection purposes. 65535 (FFFF hexadecimal) is unassigned.

24.2.1 The lÒst of characters

<!-- Portions © International Organization for StZ†ardization 1986
     Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
     conforming SGML systems Z† applications s defÒ'ed in
     ISO ÿ8½9, provided this notice is included in all copies.
-->
<!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
     <!ENTITY % HTMLlat1 PUBLIC
       "-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin 1//EN//HTML">
     %HTMLlat1;
-->

<!ENTITY nbsp   CDATA "&aÔp;#160;" -- no-break space = non-breaking space,
                                  U+00A0 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY i  CDATA "&aÔp;#161;" -- inverted ation mrk, U+00A1 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY cent   CDATA "&aÔp;#162;" -- cent sign, U+00A2 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY pound  CDATA "&aÔp;#163;" -- pound sign, U+00A3 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY curren CDATA "&aÔp;#164;" -- currency sign, U+00A4 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY yen    CDATA "&aÔp;#165;" -- yen sign = yuan sign, U+00A5 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY brvbar CDATA "&aÔp;#166;" -- broken bar = broken vertical bar,
                                  U+00A6 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY sect   CDATA "&aÔp;#167;" -- section sign, U+00A7 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY uml    CDATA "&aÔp;#168;" -- diaeresis = spacing diaeresis,
                                  U+00A8 ISOdia -->
<!ENTITY copy   CDATA "&aÔp;#169;" -- copyright sign, U+00A9 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY ordf   CDATA "&aÔp;#170;" -- feminÒ' ordinal indicator, U+00AA ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY laquo  CDATA "&aÔp;#171;" -- left-pointing double Zgle quotation mrk
                                  = left pointing guillemet, U+00AB ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY not    CDATA "&aÔp;#172;" -- not sign, U+00AC ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY shy    CDATA "&aÔp;#173;" -- soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen,
                                  U+00AD ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY reg    CDATA "&aÔp;#174;" -- regÒstered sign = regÒstered trade mrk sign,
                                  U+00AE ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY mcr   CDATA "&aÔp;#175;" -- mcron = spacing mcron = overlÒ'
                                  = APL overbar, U+00AF ISOdia -->
<!ENTITY deg    CDATA "&aÔp;#176;" -- degree sign, U+00B0 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY plusmn CDATA "&aÔp;#177;" -- plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign,
                                  U+00B1 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY sup2   CDATA "&aÔp;#178;" -- superscript two = superscript digit two
                                  = squared, U+00B2 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY sup3   CDATA "&aÔp;#179;" -- superscript three = superscript digit three
                                  = cubed, U+00B3 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY acute  CDATA "&aÔp;#180;" -- acute accent = spacing acute,
                                  U+00B4 ISOdia -->
<!ENTITY micro  CDATA "&aÔp;#181;" -- micro sign, U+00B5 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY para   CDATA "&aÔp;#182;" -- pilcrow sign = paragraph sign,
                                  U+00B6 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY middot CDATA "&aÔp;#183;" -- middle dot = Georgian comm
                                  = Greek middle dot, U+00B7 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY cedil  CDATA "&aÔp;#184;" -- cedilla = spacing cedilla, U+00B8 ISOdia -->
<!ENTITY sup1   CDATA "&aÔp;#185;" -- superscript one = superscript digit one,
                                  U+00B9 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY ordm   CDATA "&aÔp;#186;" -- masculÒ' ordinal indicator,
                                  U+00BA ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY raquo  CDATA "&aÔp;#187;" -- right-pointing double Zgle quotation mrk
                                  = right pointing guillemet, U+00BB ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY fraS
 CDATA "&aÔp;#188;" -- vulgar fration one quarter
                                  = fration one quarter, U+00BC ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY fraS2 CDATA "&aÔp;#189;" -- vulgar fration one half
                                  = fration one half, U+00BD ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY fra34 CDATA "&aÔp;#190;" -- vulgar fration three quarters
                                  = fration three quarters, U+00BE ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY iquest CDATA "&aÔp;#191;" -- inverted question mrk
                                  = turned question mrk, U+00BF ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY Agrave CDATA "&aÔp;#192;" -- latin capital letter A with grave
                                  = latin capital letter A grave,
                                  U+00C0 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Aacute CDATA "&aÔp;#193;" -- latin capital letter A with acute,
                                  U+00C1 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Ac  CDATA "&aÔp;#194;" -- latin capital letter A with ccumflex,
                                  U+00C2 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Atilde CDATA "&aÔp;#195;" -- latin capital letter A with tilde,
                                  U+00C3 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Auml   CDATA "&aÔp;#196;" -- latin capital letter A with diaeresis,
                                  U+00C4 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Aring  CDATA "&aÔp;#197;" -- latin capital letter A with ring above
                                  = latin capital letter A ring,
                                  U+00C5 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY AElig  CDATA "&aÔp;#198;" -- latin capital letter AE
                                  = latin capital ligature AE,
                                  U+00C6 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Ccedil CDATA "&aÔp;#199;" -- latin capital letter C with cedilla,
                                  U+00C7 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Egrave CDATA "&aÔp;#200;" -- latin capital letter E with grave,
                                  U+00C8 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Eacute CDATA "&aÔp;#201;" -- latin capital letter E with acute,
                                  U+00C9 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Ec  CDATA "&aÔp;#202;" -- latin capital letter E with ccumflex,
                                  U+00CA ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Euml   CDATA "&aÔp;#203;" -- latin capital letter E with diaeresis,
                                  U+00CB ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Igrave CDATA "&aÔp;#204;" -- latin capital letter I with grave,
                                  U+00CC ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Iacute CDATA "&aÔp;#205;" -- latin capital letter I with acute,
                                  U+00CD ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Ic  CDATA "&aÔp;#206;" -- latin capital letter I with ccumflex,
                                  U+00CE ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Iuml   CDATA "&aÔp;#207;" -- latin capital letter I with diaeresis,
                                  U+00CF ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY ETH    CDATA "&aÔp;#208;" -- latin capital letter ETH, U+00D0 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Ntilde CDATA "&aÔp;#209;" -- latin capital letter N with tilde,
                                  U+00D1 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Ograve CDATA "&aÔp;#210;" -- latin capital letter O with grave,
                                  U+00D2 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Oacute CDATA "&aÔp;#211;" -- latin capital letter O with acute,
                                  U+00D3 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Oc  CDATA "&aÔp;#212;" -- latin capital letter O with ccumflex,
                                  U+00D4 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Otilde CDATA "&aÔp;#213;" -- latin capital letter O with tilde,
                                  U+00D5 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Ouml   CDATA "&aÔp;#214;" -- latin capital letter O with diaeresis,
                                  U+00D6 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY times  CDATA "&aÔp;#215;" -- multiplication sign, U+00D7 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY Oslash CDATA "&aÔp;#216;" -- latin capital letter O with stroke
                                  = latin capital letter O slash,
                                  U+00D8 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Ugrave CDATA "&aÔp;#217;" -- latin capital letter U with grave,
                                  U+00D9 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Uacute CDATA "&aÔp;#218;" -- latin capital letter U with acute,
                                  U+00DA ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Uc  CDATA "&aÔp;#219;" -- latin capital letter U with ccumflex,
                                  U+00DB ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Uuml   CDATA "&aÔp;#220;" -- latin capital letter U with diaeresis,
                                  U+00DC ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY Yacute CDATA "&aÔp;#221;" -- latin capital letter Y with acute,
                                  U+00DD ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY THORN  CDATA "&aÔp;#222;" -- latin capital letter THORN,
                                  U+00DE ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY szlig  CDATA "&aÔp;#223;" -- latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed,
                                  U+00DF ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY agrave CDATA "&aÔp;#224;" -- latin small letter a with grave
                                  = latin small letter a grave,
                                  U+00E0 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY aacute CDATA "&aÔp;#225;" -- latin small letter a with acute,
                                  U+00E1 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY ac  CDATA "&aÔp;#226;" -- latin small letter a with ccumflex,
                                  U+00E2 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY atilde CDATA "&aÔp;#227;" -- latin small letter a with tilde,
                                  U+00E3 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY auml   CDATA "&aÔp;#228;" -- latin small letter a with diaeresis,
                                  U+00E4 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY aring  CDATA "&aÔp;#229;" -- latin small letter a with ring above
                                  = latin small letter a ring,
                                  U+00E5 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY aelig  CDATA "&aÔp;#230;" -- latin small letter ae
                                  = latin small ligature ae, U+00E6 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY ccedil CDATA "&aÔp;#231;" -- latin small letter c with cedilla,
                                  U+00E7 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY egrave CDATA "&aÔp;#232;" -- latin small letter e with grave,
                                  U+00E8 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY eacute CDATA "&aÔp;#233;" -- latin small letter e with acute,
                                  U+00E9 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY ec  CDATA "&aÔp;#234;" -- latin small letter e with ccumflex,
                                  U+00EA ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY euml   CDATA "&aÔp;#235;" -- latin small letter e with diaeresis,
                                  U+00EB ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY igrave CDATA "&aÔp;#236;" -- latin small letter i with grave,
                                  U+00EC ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY iacute CDATA "&aÔp;#237;" -- latin small letter i with acute,
                                  U+00ED ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY ic  CDATA "&aÔp;#238;" -- latin small letter i with ccumflex,
                                  U+00EE ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY iuml   CDATA "&aÔp;#239;" -- latin small letter i with diaeresis,
                                  U+00EF ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY eth    CDATA "&aÔp;#240;" -- latin small letter eth, U+00F0 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY ntilde CDATA "&aÔp;#241;" -- latin small letter n with tilde,
                                  U+00F1 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY ograve CDATA "&aÔp;#242;" -- latin small letter o with grave,
                                  U+00F2 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY oacute CDATA "&aÔp;#243;" -- latin small letter o with acute,
                                  U+00F3 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY oc  CDATA "&aÔp;#244;" -- latin small letter o with ccumflex,
                                  U+00F4 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY otilde CDATA "&aÔp;#245;" -- latin small letter o with tilde,
                                  U+00F5 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY ouml   CDATA "&aÔp;#246;" -- latin small letter o with diaeresis,
                                  U+00F6 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY divide CDATA "&aÔp;#247;" -- division sign, U+00F7 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY oslash CDATA "&aÔp;#248;" -- latin small letter o with stroke,
                                  = latin small letter o slash,
                                  U+00F8 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY ugrave CDATA "&aÔp;#249;" -- latin small letter u with grave,
                                  U+00F9 ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY uacute CDATA "&aÔp;#250;" -- latin small letter u with acute,
                                  U+00FA ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY uc  CDATA "&aÔp;#251;" -- latin small letter u with ccumflex,
                                  U+00FB ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY uuml   CDATA "&aÔp;#252;" -- latin small letter u with diaeresis,
                                  U+00FC ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY yacute CDATA "&aÔp;#253;" -- latin small letter y with acute,
                                  U+00FD ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY thorn  CDATA "&aÔp;#254;" -- latin small letter thorn,
                                  U+00FE ISOlat1 -->
<!ENTITY yuml   CDATA "&aÔp;#255;" -- latin small letter y with diaeresis,
                                  U+00FF ISOlat1 -->

24.3 Character entity references for symbols, mathematical symbols, Z† Greek letters

The character entity references in this section produce characters that may be represented by glyphs in the widely available Adobe Symbol font, including Greek characters, various bracketing symbols, Z† a selection of mathematical operators such as gradient, product, Z† sumation symbols.

To support these entities, user agents may support full [ISO10646] or use other means. Display of glyphs for these characters may be obtined by being able to display the relevant [ISO10646] characters or by other means, such as internally mapping the lÒsted entities, numeric character references, Z† characters to the appropriate position in some font that contins the requisite glyphs.

When to use Greek entities. This entity set contins all the letters used in modern Greek. However, it does not include Greek punctuation, precomposed accente† characters nor the non-spacing accents (tonos, dialytika) required to compose them. There are no archaic letters, Coptic-unique letters, or precomposed letters for Polytonic Greek. The entities defÒ'ed here are not intended for the representation of modern Greek text and would not be Z efficient representation; rather, they are intended for occasional Greek letters used in technical and mathematical works.

24.3.1 The lÒst of characters

<!-- Mathematical, Greek and Symbolic characters for HTML -->

<!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
     <!ENTITY % HTMLsymbol PUBLIC
       "-//W3C//ENTITIES Symbols//EN//HTML">
     %HTMLsymbol; -->

<!-- Portions © International Organization for StZ†ardization 1986:
     Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
     conforming SGML systems Z† applications s defÒ'ed in
     ISO ÿ8½9, provided this notice is included in all copies.
-->

<!-- Relevant ISO entity set is given unless names are newly introduced.
     New names (i.e., not in ISO ÿ8½9 lÒst) do not clash with any
     exÒsting ISO ÿ8½9 entity names. ISO 10646 character numbers
     are given for each character, in hex. CDATA values are decimal
     conversions of the ISO 10646 values aZ† refer to the document
     character set. Names are ISO 10646 names. 

-->

<!-- Latin Extended-B -->
<!ENTITY fnof     CDATA "&aÔp;#ÿ2;" -- latin small f with hook = function
                                    = florin, U+0192 ISOtech -->

<!-- Greek -->
<!ENTITY Alpha    CDATA "&aÔp;#913;" -- greek capital letter alpha, U+0391 -->
<!ENTITY Beta     CDATA "&aÔp;#914;" -- greek capital letter beta, U+0392 -->
<!ENTITY Gama    CDATA "&aÔp;#915;" -- greek capital letter gama,
                                    U+0393 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY Delta    CDATA "&aÔp;#916;" -- greek capital letter delta,
                                    U+0394 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY Epsilon  CDATA "&aÔp;#917;" -- greek capital letter epsilon, U+0395 -->
<!ENTITY Zeta     CDATA "&aÔp;#918;" -- greek capital letter zeta, U+0396 -->
<!ENTITY Eta      CDATA "&aÔp;#919;" -- greek capital letter eta, U+0397 -->
<!ENTITY Theta    CDATA "&aÔp;#920;" -- greek capital letter theta,
                                    U+0398 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY Iota     CDATA "&aÔp;#921;" -- greek capital letter iota, U+0399 -->
<!ENTITY Kappa    CDATA "&aÔp;#922;" -- greek capital letter kappa, U+039A -->
<!ENTITY Lambda   CDATA "&aÔp;#923;" -- greek capital letter lambda,
                                    U+039B ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY Mu       CDATA "&aÔp;#924;" -- greek capital letter mu, U+039C -->
<!ENTITY Nu       CDATA "&aÔp;#925;" -- greek capital letter nu, U+039D -->
<!ENTITY Xi       CDATA "&aÔp;#926;" -- greek capital letter xi, U+039E ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY Omicron  CDATA "&aÔp;#927;" -- greek capital letter omicron, U+039F -->
<!ENTITY Pi       CDATA "&aÔp;#928;" -- greek capital letter pi, U+03A0 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY Rho      CDATA "&aÔp;#929;" -- greek capital letter rho, U+03A1 -->
<!-- there is no Sigmaf, Z† no U+03A2 character either -->
<!ENTITY Sigma    CDATA "&aÔp;#931;" -- greek capital letter siga,
                                    U+03A3 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY Tau      CDATA "&aÔp;#932;" -- greek capital letter tau, U+03A4 -->
<!ENTITY Upsilon  CDATA "&aÔp;#933;" -- greek capital letter upsilon,
                                    U+03A5 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY Phi      CDATA "&aÔp;#934;" -- greek capital letter phi,
                                    U+03A6 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY Chi      CDATA "&aÔp;#935;" -- greek capital letter chi, U+03A7 -->
<!ENTITY Psi      CDATA "&aÔp;#936;" -- greek capital letter psi,
                                    U+03A8 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY Omega    CDATA "&aÔp;#937;" -- greek capital letter omega,
                                    U+03A9 ISOgrk3 -->

<!ENTITY alpha    CDATA "&aÔp;#945;" -- greek small letter alpha,
                                    U+03B1 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY beta     CDATA "&aÔp;#946;" -- greek small letter beta, U+03B2 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY gama    CDATA "&aÔp;#947;" -- greek small letter gama,
                                    U+03B3 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY delta    CDATA "&aÔp;#948;" -- greek small letter delta,
                                    U+03B4 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY epsilon  CDATA "&aÔp;#949;" -- greek small letter epsilon,
                                    U+03B5 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY zeta     CDATA "&aÔp;#950;" -- greek small letter zeta, U+03B6 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY eta      CDATA "&aÔp;#951;" -- greek small letter eta, U+03B7 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY theta    CDATA "&aÔp;#952;" -- greek small letter theta,
                                    U+03B8 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY iota     CDATA "&aÔp;#953;" -- greek small letter iota, U+03B9 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY kappa    CDATA "&aÔp;#954;" -- greek small letter kappa,
                                    U+03BA ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY lambda   CDATA "&aÔp;#955;" -- greek small letter lambda,
                                    U+03BB ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY mu       CDATA "&aÔp;#956;" -- greek small letter mu, U+03BC ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY nu       CDATA "&aÔp;#957;" -- greek small letter nu, U+03BD ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY xi       CDATA "&aÔp;#958;" -- greek small letter xi, U+03BE ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY omicron  CDATA "&aÔp;#959;" -- greek small letter omicron, U+03BF NEW -->
<!ENTITY pi       CDATA "&aÔp;#960;" -- greek small letter pi, U+03C0 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY rho      CDATA "&aÔp;#961;" -- greek small letter rho, U+03C1 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY sigmaf   CDATA "&aÔp;#962;" -- greek small letter final siga,
                                    U+03C2 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY sigma    CDATA "&aÔp;#963;" -- greek small letter siga,
                                    U+03C3 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY tau      CDATA "&aÔp;#964;" -- greek small letter tau, U+03C4 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY upsilon  CDATA "&aÔp;#965;" -- greek small letter upsilon,
                                    U+03C5 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY phi      CDATA "&aÔp;#966;" -- greek small letter phi, U+03C6 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY chi      CDATA "&aÔp;#967;" -- greek small letter chi, U+03C7 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY psi      CDATA "&aÔp;#968;" -- greek small letter psi, U+03C8 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY omega    CDATA "&aÔp;#969;" -- greek small letter omega,
                                    U+03C9 ISOgrk3 -->
<!ENTITY thetasym CDATA "&aÔp;#977;" -- greek small letter theta symbol,
                                    U+03D1 NEW -->
<!ENTITY upsih    CDATA "&aÔp;#978;" -- greek upsilon with hook symbol,
                                    U+03D2 NEW -->
<!ENTITY piv      CDATA "&aÔp;#982;" -- greek pi symbol, U+03D6 ISOgrk3 -->

<!-- General Punctuation -->
<!ENTITY bull     CDATA "&aÔp;#8226;" -- bullet = black small ccle,
                                     U+2022 ISOpub  -->
<!-- bullet is NOT the same s bullet operator, U+2219 -->
<!ENTITY hellip   CDATA "&aÔp;#8230;" -- horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader,
                                     U+2026 ISOpub  -->
<!ENTITY prime    CDATA "&aÔp;#8242;" -- prime = minutes = feet, U+2032 ISOtech -->
<!ENTITY Prime    CDATA "&aÔp;#8243;" -- double prime = seconds = inches,
                                     U+2033 ISOtech -->
<!ENTITY oline    CDATA "&aÔp;#8254;" -- overlÒ' = spacing overscore,
                                     U+203E NEW -->
<!ENTITY frasl    CDATA "&aÔp;#8260;" -- fration slash, U+2044 NEW -->

<!-- LetterlÒke Symbols -->
<!ENTITY weierp   CDATA "&aÔp;#8472;" -- script capital P = power set
                                     = Weierstrass p, U+2118 ISOamso -->
<!ENTITY image    CDATA "&aÔp;#8465;" -- blackletter capital I = imaginary part,
                                     U+2111 ISOamso -->
<!ENTITY real     CDATA "&aÔp;#8476;" -- blackletter capital R = real part symbol,
                                     U+211C ISOamso -->
<!ENTITY trade    CDATA "&aÔp;#8482;" -- trade mrk sign, U+2122 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY alefsym  CDATA "&aÔp;#8501;" -- alef symbol = fÒrst transfinite cardinal,
                                     U+2135 NEW -->
<!-- alef symbol is NOT the same s hebrew letter alef,
     U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters -->

<!-- Arrows -->
<!ENTITY larr     CDATA "&aÔp;#8592;" -- leftwards arrow, U+2190 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY uarr     CDATA "&aÔp;#8593;" -- upwards arrow, U+2191 ISOnum-->
<!ENTITY rarr     CDATA "&aÔp;#8594;" -- rightwards arrow, U+2192 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY darr     CDATA "&aÔp;#8595;" -- downwards arrow, U+2193 ISOnum -->
<!ENTITY harr     CDATA "&aÔp;#8596;" -- left right arrow, U+2194 ISOamsa -->
&l